haitian revolution - former slaves defeating french and english armies
punished with reparations and embargoes to contain their example from spreading to the americas.
gustavus vassa
sierra leone - "free town" "black loyalists"
nova scotians given land for fighting for the britsh during the american revolution
"apartheid without apartheid laws"
david theo goldberg - racist culture
This synthesis of recent work on racism offers an anti-essentialist and non-reductionist account of racialized discourse and racist expression. Goldberg suggests that racisms are not aberrant, but consistent with prevailing social conceptions. He concludes with an argument for anti-racist practice.
kant - physical geography, four tiered level of human beings. non-whites were not human / sons of god, but varieties of animals.
nicholas guyatt -
"line of proclamation" as one of the reasons that white settlers felt the crown backed native americans instead of them.
Nicholas Guyatt offers a completely new understanding of a central question in American history: how did Americans come to think that God favored the United States above other nations? Making sense of previously diffuse debates on manifest destiny, millenarianism, and American mission, Providence and the Invention of the United States explains the origins and development of the idea that God has a special plan for America. The benefits and costs of this idea deserve careful consideration.
genesis 9:25 - curse of hamm
wasn't originally referring to skin color.
gary taylor -- Buying Whiteness: Race, Culture, and Identity from Columbus to Hip Hop (2005).
Hochschild. Adam, (2005), Bury the Chains: Prophets
"Discourse on Institutional Racism: the genealogy of a concept" (2004) in I. Law, D. Phillips and L. Turney, Institutional Racism in Higher education (Trentham books)
"Im/plausilbe Deniability: Racism's Conceptual Double Bind" (2004) in Social Identities , Vol.10, No.1
Un/settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, Transruptions (2000; Zed Books)
